पिनाकी चक्रवर्ती
कौशिक के. भद्रा
परिचय
आंकड़ों को दर्शाने वाली यह टिप्पणी 18 राज्यों के वर्ष 2024-25 के राज्य बजट पर आधारित है। वर्ष 2022-23, 2023-24 (RE) और 2024-25 (BE) के लिए प्राप्तियों एवं व्यय के मदों से संबंधित मुख्य बातें यहाँ प्रस्तुत की गई हैं। इसके मुख्य अंश नीचे दिए गए हैं:
- राजकोषीय एवं राजस्व घाटा: वर्ष 2022-23 के विवरण के अनुसार, सभी 18 राज्यों का राजकोषीय घाटा सम्मिलित रूप से उनके GSDP का 2.7% था। वर्ष 2023-24 (RE) की बात की जाए, तो यह सम्मिलित रूप से उनके GSDP का 3.41% था और वित्तीय वर्ष 2024-25 (BE) के दौरान इसके 3.11% होने का अनुमान है। वर्ष 2023-24 (RE) और 2024-25 (BE) के बीच राजकोषीय घाटे में कमी के साथ-साथ राज्यों के राजस्व घाटे में भी कमी आने की उम्मीद है। हालाँकि, इसी अवधि के दौरान कुछ प्रमुख राज्यों का राजस्व घाटा बढ़ने की भी संभावना है। इन राज्यों में हरियाणा, कर्नाटक, केरल और पश्चिम बंगाल शामिल हैं। इस अवधि में पंजाब का राजस्व घाटा राज्य GSDP के 3.23% से घटकर 2.89% होने की उम्मीद है।
- पूँजीगत परिव्ययः वर्ष 2022-23 और 2024-25 (BE) के बीच पूंजीगत परिव्यय GSDP के 2.13% से बढ़कर 2.65% होने की उम्मीद है।
- राज्यों द्वारा ऋण लेने की सीमा का कम उपयोग: वर्ष 2022-23 में, राज्यों ने पंद्रहवें वित्त आयोग की अनुशंसा के अनुसार अपनी ऋण सीमा का कम उपयोग किया। वर्ष 2022-23 के लिए ऋण सीमा के कम उपयोग का राज्यवार विवरण चित्र 1 में दिया गया है।
- बकाया ऋणः राज्यवार बकाया ऋण एवं GSDP अनुपात तथा संबंधित ब्याज भुगतान से पता चलता है कि, विभिन्न राज्यों में ऋण और ब्याज के बोझ राज्यों में काफी भिन्नता है। इसका राज्यवार विवरण चित्र 2 में दिया गया है।
- कर से संबंधित प्रयास और राज्य वस्तु एवं सेवा कर: तालिका 19 से यह स्पष्ट है कि अपने कुल कर राजस्व में राज्य वस्तु एवं सेवा कर (SGST) राजस्व का हिस्सा 2022-23 में 39.71% से बढ़कर वर्ष 2024-25 (BE) में 43.05% होने की उम्मीद है।
- अपना कर राजस्व: इस अवधि के दौरान अपना कर राजस्व प्रयास GSDP के 6.84% से बढ़कर 7.12% होने की उम्मीद है।
- कर हस्तांतरण: वर्ष 2022-23 और 2024-25 (BE) के बीच राज्यों को कर हस्तांतरण में मामूली बढ़ोतरी की उम्मीद है।
- केंद्रीय अनुदान: राज्यों को केंद्रीय अनुदान वर्ष 2022-23 और 2024-25 (BE) के बीच 1.92 प्रतिशत से घटकर 1.78 प्रतिशत होने की उम्मीद है।
प्रमुख राजकोषीय चर राशियों पर राज्यवार आंकड़े नीचे तालिका 1 से 18 में प्रस्तुत किए गए हैं। तालिका 19 में 18 राज्यों के सम्मिलित आंकड़े दिए गए हैं, जिनसे इन 18 राज्यों की वित्तीय स्थिति का पूरा विवरण मिलता है।
Figure 1: Fiscal Deficit Relative to GSDP in Major States: 2022-23 Actuals
Source: State Budgets 2024-25.
Figure 2: Outstanding Debt and Interest Payments relative to GSDP in Major States: 2022-23 Actuals
1: Andhra Pradesh
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 78089.0 | 95756.8 | 109538.0 |
| SGST | 27981.2 | 33500.0 | 38000.0 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 5416.9 | 10500.0 | 14400.0 |
| Tax Devolution | 38113.5 | 44642.2 | 49286.6 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 36148.6 | 45803.8 | 32127.6 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 157768.0 | 196702.8 | 205352.2 |
| Interest Payments | 25492.3 | 28673.7 | 28017.2 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 201255.5 | 228237.8 | 230110.4 |
| Capital Outlay | 7244.1 | 27308.1 | 30530.2 |
| Revenue Deficit | 43487.5 | 31534.9 | 24758.2 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 52508.3 | 60153.6 | 55817.5 |
| Primary Deficit | 27016.1 | 31479.9 | 27800.3 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 428715.7 | 479214.0 | 535031.5 |
| GSDP | 1317728 | 1439081 | 1590242 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 5.93 | 6.65 | 6.89 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 35.83 | 34.98 | 34.69 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 0.41 | 0.73 | 0.91 |
| Tax Devolution | 2.89 | 3.10 | 3.10 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 2.74 | 3.18 | 2.02 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 11.97 | 13.67 | 12.91 |
| Interest Payments | 1.93 | 1.99 | 1.76 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 15.27 | 15.86 | 14.47 |
| Capital Outlay | 0.55 | 1.90 | 1.92 |
| Revenue Deficit | 3.30 | 2.19 | 1.56 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 3.98 | 4.18 | 3.51 |
| Primary Deficit | 2.05 | 2.19 | 1.75 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 32.53 | 33.30 | 33.64 |
Source: Andhra Pradesh Budget Documents 2024-25.
2: Bihar
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 44018.0 | 50400.0 | 54300.0 |
| SGST | 23243.0 | 31111.0 | 31565.0 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 4135.0 | 6582.0 | 7326.0 |
| Tax Devolution | 95510.0 | 102737.0 | 113012.0 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 29026.0 | 54775.0 | 52161.0 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 172689.0 | 214494.0 | 226799.0 |
| Interest Payments | 15184.0 | 18354.0 | 20526.0 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 183976.0 | 250024.0 | 225677.0 |
| Capital Outlay | 31520.0 | 39623.0 | 29416.0 |
| Revenue Deficit | 11287.0 | 35530.0 | -1122.0 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 44823.3 | 76466.0 | 29095.4 |
| Primary Deficit | 29639.3 | 58112.0 | 8569.4 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 293044.4 | 307105.0 | 348370.5 |
| GSDP | 751396 | 860238 | 976514 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 5.86 | 5.86 | 5.56 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 52.80 | 61.73 | 58.13 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 0.55 | 0.77 | 0.75 |
| Tax Devolution | 12.71 | 11.94 | 11.57 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 3.86 | 6.37 | 5.34 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 22.98 | 24.93 | 23.23 |
| Interest Payments | 2.02 | 2.13 | 2.10 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 24.48 | 29.06 | 23.11 |
| Capital Outlay | 4.19 | 4.61 | 3.01 |
| Revenue Deficit | 1.50 | 4.13 | -0.11 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 5.97 | 8.89 | 2.98 |
| Primary Deficit | 3.94 | 6.76 | 0.88 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 39.00 | 35.70 | 35.67 |
Source: Bihar Budget Documents 2024-25.
3: Chhattisgarh
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 33122.3 | 40600.0 | 49700.0 |
| SGST | 11298.0 | 13957.0 | 17446.0 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 15248.2 | 18400.0 | 18700.0 |
| Tax Devolution | 32358.3 | 39750.0 | 44000.0 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 13148.3 | 12600.0 | 13500.0 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 93877.1 | 111350.0 | 125900.0 |
| Interest Payments | 6382.0 | 7042.0 | 7931.0 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 85285.0 | 127019.6 | 124840.0 |
| Capital Outlay | 13320.0 | 21259.0 | 22300.0 |
| Revenue Deficit | -8592.1 | 15669.6 | -1060.0 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 4691.2 | 33367.9 | 19695.6 |
| Primary Deficit | -1690.8 | 26325.9 | 11764.6 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 101703.4 | 126471.8 | 142680.9 |
| GSDP | 464399 | 505887 | 561736 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 7.13 | 8.03 | 8.85 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 34.11 | 34.38 | 35.10 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 3.28 | 3.64 | 3.33 |
| Tax Devolution | 6.97 | 7.86 | 7.83 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 2.83 | 2.49 | 2.40 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 20.21 | 22.01 | 22.41 |
| Interest Payments | 1.37 | 1.39 | 1.41 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 18.36 | 25.11 | 22.22 |
| Capital Outlay | 2.87 | 4.20 | 3.97 |
| Revenue Deficit | -1.85 | 3.10 | -0.19 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 1.01 | 5.81 | 2.90 |
| Primary Deficit | -0.36 | 5.20 | 2.09 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 21.90 | 25.00 | 25.40 |
Source: Chhattisgarh Budget Documents 2024-25.
4: Goa
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 7825.0 | 8933.0 | 9392.0 |
| SGST | 3536.0 | 3968.0 | 4367.0 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 3869.0 | 6066.0 | 6124.0 |
| Tax Devolution | 3665.0 | 4236.0 | 4708.0 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 1923.0 | 1618.0 | 1507.0 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 17282.0 | 20853.0 | 21731.0 |
| Interest Payments | 1816.0 | 1914.0 | 2050.0 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 14884.0 | 19947.0 | 19888.0 |
| Capital Outlay | 3441.0 | 4680.0 | 4853.0 |
| Revenue Deficit | -2398.0 | -906.0 | -1843.0 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 1110.6 | 3841.5 | 3149.5 |
| Primary Deficit | -705.4 | 1927.5 | 1099.5 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 21940.5 | 23971.6 | 26605.3 |
| GSDP | 91417 | 100000 | 121309 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 8.56 | 8.93 | 7.74 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 45.19 | 44.42 | 46.50 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 4.23 | 6.07 | 5.05 |
| Tax Devolution | 4.01 | 4.24 | 3.88 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 2.10 | 1.62 | 1.24 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 18.90 | 20.85 | 17.91 |
| Interest Payments | 1.99 | 1.91 | 1.69 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 16.28 | 19.95 | 16.39 |
| Capital Outlay | 3.76 | 4.68 | 4.00 |
| Revenue Deficit | -2.62 | -0.91 | -1.52 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 1.21 | 3.84 | 2.60 |
| Primary Deficit | -0.77 | 1.93 | 0.91 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 24.00 | 23.97 | 21.93 |
Source: Goa Budget Documents 2024-25.
5: Gujarat
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 124810.0 | 134076.0 | 148950.0 |
| SGST | 52154.0 | 61815.0 | 74597.0 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 18434.0 | 19262.0 | 19675.0 |
| Tax Devolution | 33034.0 | 41649.0 | 42245.0 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 23131.0 | 20807.0 | 18783.0 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 199409.0 | 215794.0 | 229653.0 |
| Interest Payments | 25354.0 | 27790.0 | 29954.0 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 179543.0 | 197175.0 | 219832.0 |
| Capital Outlay | 35499.0 | 58696.0 | 75689.0 |
| Revenue Deficit | -19866.0 | -18619.0 | -9821.0 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 16845.0 | 42480.0 | 51917.0 |
| Primary Deficit | -8509.0 | 14690.0 | 21963.0 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 338476.0 | 377962.0 | 426380.0 |
| GSDP | 2230609 | 2464300 | 2792545 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 5.60 | 5.44 | 5.33 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 41.79 | 46.10 | 50.08 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 0.83 | 0.78 | 0.70 |
| Tax Devolution | 1.48 | 1.69 | 1.51 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 1.04 | 0.84 | 0.67 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 8.94 | 8.76 | 8.22 |
| Interest Payments | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.07 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 8.05 | 8.00 | 7.87 |
| Capital Outlay | 1.59 | 2.38 | 2.71 |
| Revenue Deficit | -0.89 | -0.76 | -0.35 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 0.76 | 1.72 | 1.86 |
| Primary Deficit | -0.38 | 0.60 | 0.79 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 15.17 | 15.34 | 15.27 |
Source: Gujarat Budget Documents 2024-25.
6: Haryana
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 62960.8 | 73586.0 | 84551.1 |
| SGST | 28576.6 | 32893.0 | 37498.0 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 8742.6 | 8582.7 | 9243.5 |
| Tax Devolution | 10378.0 | 12072.1 | 13332.2 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 7113.3 | 11546.2 | 9512.1 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 89194.7 | 105786.9 | 116638.9 |
| Interest Payments | 20095.6 | 22249.9 | 25141.7 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 106406.2 | 118951.5 | 134456.4 |
| Capital Outlay | 11665.0 | 14442.9 | 16280.9 |
| Revenue Deficit | 17211.5 | 13164.5 | 17817.5 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 31026.9 | 30650.5 | 33634.5 |
| Primary Deficit | 10931.3 | 8400.6 | 8492.8 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 255325.0 | 284864.0 | 317982.0 |
| GSDP | 984055 | 1095535 | 1216044 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 6.40 | 6.72 | 6.95 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 45.39 | 44.70 | 44.35 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 0.89 | 0.78 | 0.76 |
| Tax Devolution | 1.05 | 1.10 | 1.10 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 0.72 | 1.05 | 0.78 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 9.06 | 9.66 | 9.59 |
| Interest Payments | 2.04 | 2.03 | 2.07 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 10.81 | 10.86 | 11.06 |
| Capital Outlay | 1.19 | 1.32 | 1.34 |
| Revenue Deficit | 1.75 | 1.20 | 1.47 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 3.15 | 2.80 | 2.77 |
| Primary Deficit | 1.11 | 0.77 | 0.70 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 25.95 | 26.00 | 26.15 |
Source: Haryana Budget Documents 2024-25.
7: Jharkhand
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 25117.5 | 28711.7 | 34200.0 |
| SGST | 11374.0 | 12000.0 | 15375.0 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 12830.1 | 16115.8 | 19300.4 |
| Tax Devolution | 31404.1 | 36525.6 | 40338.2 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 10893.5 | 13875.6 | 16961.4 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 80245.2 | 95228.8 | 110800.0 |
| Interest Payments | 6238.3 | 7499.0 | 7054.6 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 66681.6 | 88093.2 | 91831.5 |
| Capital Outlay | 14015.6 | 21673.9 | 23987.2 |
| Revenue Deficit | -13563.6 | -7135.6 | -18968.5 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 4616.7 | 11690.7 | 9499.7 |
| Primary Deficit | -1621.6 | 4191.7 | 2445.1 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 118448.0 | 131015.4 | 126928.1 |
| GSDP | 393722 | 428155 | 470104 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 6.38 | 6.71 | 7.27 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 45.28 | 41.79 | 44.96 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 3.26 | 3.76 | 4.11 |
| Tax Devolution | 7.98 | 8.53 | 8.58 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 2.77 | 3.24 | 3.61 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 20.38 | 22.24 | 23.57 |
| Interest Payments | 1.58 | 1.75 | 1.50 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 16.94 | 20.58 | 19.53 |
| Capital Outlay | 3.56 | 5.06 | 5.10 |
| Revenue Deficit | -3.44 | -1.67 | -4.03 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 1.17 | 2.73 | 2.02 |
| Primary Deficit | -0.41 | 0.98 | 0.52 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 30.08 | 30.60 | 27.00 |
Source: Jharkhand Budget Documents 2024-2
8: Karnataka
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 163990.3 | 161494.0 | 189893.0 |
| SGST | 61403.3 | 71367.0 | 86475.0 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 13914.2 | 12000.0 | 13499.6 |
| Tax Devolution | 34596.2 | 40280.9 | 44485.5 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 16579.1 | 13005.0 | 15299.7 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 229079.8 | 226779.9 | 263177.8 |
| Interest Payments | 28427.2 | 30542.8 | 39233.5 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 215584.0 | 240731.0 | 290531.4 |
| Capital Outlay | 57348.2 | 51231.3 | 52903.0 |
| Revenue Deficit | -13495.8 | 13951.1 | 27353.5 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 46622.3 | 68505.1 | 82980.6 |
| Primary Deficit | 18195.1 | 37962.3 | 43747.1 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 522847.0 | 581228.0 | 665095.0 |
| GSDP | 2181217 | 2567340 | 2809063 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 7.52 | 6.29 | 6.76 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 37.44 | 44.19 | 45.54 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 0.64 | 0.47 | 0.48 |
| Tax Devolution | 1.59 | 1.57 | 1.58 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 0.76 | 0.51 | 0.54 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 10.50 | 8.83 | 9.37 |
| Interest Payments | 1.30 | 1.19 | 1.40 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 9.88 | 9.38 | 10.34 |
| Capital Outlay | 2.63 | 2.00 | 1.88 |
| Revenue Deficit | -0.62 | 0.54 | 0.97 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 2.14 | 2.67 | 2.95 |
| Primary Deficit | 0.83 | 1.48 | 1.56 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 23.97 | 22.64 | 23.68 |
Source: Karnataka Budget Documents 2024-25.
9: Kerala
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 71968.2 | 77038.3 | 84883.5 |
| SGST | 29513.3 | 32595.8 | 35874.6 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 15118.0 | 16853.1 | 18356.5 |
| Tax Devolution | 18260.7 | 21285.6 | 23882.4 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 27377.9 | 11660.2 | 11532.8 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 132724.7 | 126837.1 | 138655.2 |
| Interest Payments | 25176.4 | 26843.2 | 28694.2 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 141950.9 | 151422.4 | 166501.2 |
| Capital Outlay | 13996.6 | 14398.2 | 15663.2 |
| Revenue Deficit | 9226.3 | 24585.3 | 27846.1 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 25554.5 | 40461.4 | 44529.0 |
| Primary Deficit | 378.2 | 13618.2 | 15834.7 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 362191.9 | 402634.0 | 447857.3 |
| GSDP | 1046188 | 1174244 | 1311437 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 6.88 | 6.56 | 6.47 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 41.01 | 42.31 | 42.26 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 1.45 | 1.44 | 1.40 |
| Tax Devolution | 1.75 | 1.81 | 1.82 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 2.62 | 0.99 | 0.88 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 12.69 | 10.80 | 10.57 |
| Interest Payments | 2.41 | 2.29 | 2.19 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 13.57 | 12.90 | 12.70 |
| Capital Outlay | 1.34 | 1.23 | 1.19 |
| Revenue Deficit | 0.88 | 2.09 | 2.12 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 2.44 | 3.45 | 3.40 |
| Primary Deficit | 0.04 | 1.16 | 1.21 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 34.62 | 34.29 | 34.15 |
Source: Kerala Budget Documents 2024-25.
10: Madhya Pradesh
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 72611.0 | 87545.0 | 102097.0 |
| SGST | 23397.0 | 32000.0 | 40000.0 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 19878.0 | 17301.0 | 20603.0 |
| Tax Devolution | 74543.0 | 86703.0 | 95753.0 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 36954.0 | 40184.0 | 44892.0 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 203986.0 | 231733.0 | 263345.0 |
| Interest Payments | 19453.0 | 23994.0 | 27400.0 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 199895.0 | 231112.0 | 261644.0 |
| Capital Outlay | 44438.0 | 67178.0 | 61633.0 |
| Revenue Deficit | -4091.0 | -621.0 | -1701.0 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 41203.0 | 54449.0 | 62564.0 |
| Primary Deficit | 21750.0 | 30455.0 | 35164.0 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 363775.8 | 423841.6 | 491677.1 |
| GSDP | 1322821 | 1513720 | 1522220 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 5.49 | 5.78 | 6.71 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 32.22 | 36.55 | 39.18 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 1.50 | 1.14 | 1.35 |
| Tax Devolution | 5.64 | 5.73 | 6.29 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 2.79 | 2.65 | 2.95 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 15.42 | 15.31 | 17.30 |
| Interest Payments | 1.47 | 1.59 | 1.80 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 15.11 | 15.27 | 17.19 |
| Capital Outlay | 3.36 | 4.44 | 4.05 |
| Revenue Deficit | -0.31 | -0.04 | -0.11 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 3.11 | 3.60 | 4.11 |
| Primary Deficit | 1.64 | 2.01 | 2.31 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 27.50 | 28.00 | 32.30 |
Source: Madhya Pradesh Budget Documents 2024-25.
11: Maharashtra
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 277486.0 | 326281.0 | 342919.0 |
| SGST | 121256.0 | 144791.0 | 155756.0 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 16776.0 | 24620.0 | 26775.0 |
| Tax Devolution | 60002.0 | 69771.0 | 77054.0 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 51414.0 | 65444.0 | 52715.0 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 405678.0 | 486116.0 | 499463.0 |
| Interest Payments | 41689.0 | 48578.0 | 56727.0 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 407614.0 | 505647.0 | 519514.0 |
| Capital Outlay | 61644.0 | 85657.0 | 85292.0 |
| Revenue Deficit | 1936.0 | 19531.0 | 20051.0 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 67602.0 | 111956.0 | 110355.0 |
| Primary Deficit | 25913.0 | 63378.0 | 53628.0 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 630737.9 | 711788.2 | 785269.9 |
| GSDP | 3645884 | 4044251 | 4267771 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 7.61 | 8.07 | 8.04 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 43.70 | 44.38 | 45.42 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 0.46 | 0.61 | 0.63 |
| Tax Devolution | 1.65 | 1.73 | 1.81 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 1.41 | 1.62 | 1.24 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 11.13 | 12.02 | 11.70 |
| Interest Payments | 1.14 | 1.20 | 1.33 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 11.18 | 12.50 | 12.17 |
| Capital Outlay | 1.69 | 2.12 | 2.00 |
| Revenue Deficit | 0.05 | 0.48 | 0.47 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 1.85 | 2.77 | 2.59 |
| Primary Deficit | 0.71 | 1.57 | 1.26 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 17.30 | 17.60 | 18.40 |
Source: Maharashtra Budget Documents 2024-25.
12: Odisha
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 46553.9 | 54000.0 | 59000.0 |
| SGST | 18600.5 | 23500.0 | 25177.5 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 42719.5 | 52500.0 | 56000.0 |
| Tax Devolution | 42989.3 | 50011.7 | 55231.8 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 18199.6 | 28988.3 | 33768.2 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 150462.3 | 185500.0 | 204000.0 |
| Interest Payments | 5502.3 | 6724.0 | 7566.0 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 131006.1 | 163089.4 | 166922.6 |
| Capital Outlay | 33349.0 | 46152.0 | 61162.0 |
| Revenue Deficit | -19456.2 | -22410.6 | -37077.4 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 15219.0 | 24981.8 | 27749.5 |
| Primary Deficit | 9716.7 | 18257.7 | 20183.5 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 88164.9 | 103146.6 | 125550.0 |
| GSDP | 753177 | 832790 | 926063 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 6.18 | 6.48 | 6.37 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 39.95 | 43.52 | 42.67 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 5.67 | 6.30 | 6.05 |
| Tax Devolution | 5.71 | 6.01 | 5.96 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 2.42 | 3.48 | 3.65 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 19.98 | 22.27 | 22.03 |
| Interest Payments | 0.73 | 0.81 | 0.82 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 17.39 | 19.58 | 18.02 |
| Capital Outlay | 4.43 | 5.54 | 6.60 |
| Revenue Deficit | -2.58 | -2.69 | -4.00 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 2.02 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Primary Deficit | 1.29 | 2.19 | 2.18 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 11.71 | 12.39 | 13.56 |
Source: Odisha Budget Documents 2024-25.
13: Punjab
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 42243.2 | 51400.0 | 58900.0 |
| SGST | 18127.8 | 22500.0 | 25750.0 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 6231.9 | 10051.3 | 11246.3 |
| Tax Devolution | 17163.7 | 19958.2 | 22041.5 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 21976.8 | 17530.3 | 11748.4 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 87615.6 | 98939.7 | 103936.2 |
| Interest Payments | 19905.1 | 22500.0 | 23900.0 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 113660.6 | 122751.5 | 127134.3 |
| Capital Outlay | 6667.2 | 6406.3 | 7445.0 |
| Revenue Deficit | 26045.0 | 23811.7 | 23198.1 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 33930.1 | 30310.6 | 30464.9 |
| Primary Deficit | 14024.9 | 7810.6 | 6564.9 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 314220.8 | 343626.4 | 374091.3 |
| GSDP | 673107 | 736423 | 802701 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 6.28 | 6.98 | 7.34 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 42.91 | 43.77 | 43.72 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 0.93 | 1.36 | 1.40 |
| Tax Devolution | 2.55 | 2.71 | 2.75 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 3.26 | 2.38 | 1.46 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 13.02 | 13.44 | 12.95 |
| Interest Payments | 2.96 | 3.06 | 2.98 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 16.89 | 16.67 | 15.84 |
| Capital Outlay | 0.99 | 0.87 | 0.93 |
| Revenue Deficit | 3.87 | 3.23 | 2.89 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 5.04 | 4.12 | 3.80 |
| Primary Deficit | 2.08 | 1.06 | 0.82 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 46.68 | 46.66 | 46.60 |
Source: Punjab Budget Documents 2024-25.
14: Rajasthan
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 87346.4 | 110600.5 | 125524.8 |
| SGST | 33790.5 | 48000.0 | 55800.0 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 20564.4 | 20647.7 | 22665.4 |
| Tax Devolution | 57230.8 | 66556.7 | 79587.1 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 29846.3 | 39867.0 | 36684.0 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 194987.9 | 237671.9 | 264461.3 |
| Interest Payments | 30601.9 | 34561.0 | 37537.8 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 226479.3 | 267743.8 | 290219.4 |
| Capital Outlay | 19798.3 | 34843.5 | 44216.5 |
| Revenue Deficit | 31491.4 | 30071.9 | 25758.1 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 51028.6 | 65081.7 | 70009.5 |
| Primary Deficit | 20426.7 | 30520.6 | 32471.6 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 505120.6 | 570087.6 | 641188.1 |
| GSDP | 1357851 | 1528385 | 1781078 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 6.43 | 7.24 | 7.05 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 38.69 | 43.40 | 44.45 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 1.51 | 1.35 | 1.27 |
| Tax Devolution | 4.21 | 4.35 | 4.47 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 2.20 | 2.61 | 2.06 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 14.36 | 15.55 | 14.85 |
| Interest Payments | 2.25 | 2.26 | 2.11 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 16.68 | 17.52 | 16.29 |
| Capital Outlay | 1.46 | 2.28 | 2.48 |
| Revenue Deficit | 2.32 | 1.97 | 1.45 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 3.76 | 4.26 | 3.93 |
| Primary Deficit | 1.50 | 2.00 | 1.82 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 37.20 | 37.30 | 36.00 |
Source: Rajasthan Budget Documents 2024-25.
15: Tamil Nadu
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 150222.8 | 170147.2 | 195173.0 |
| SGST | 53823.0 | 63338.0 | 73788.0 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 17061.0 | 30380.6 | 30727.8 |
| Tax Devolution | 38731.2 | 45052.5 | 49755.0 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 37734.4 | 26996.4 | 23354.2 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 243749.3 | 272576.8 | 299010.0 |
| Interest Payments | 47689.5 | 55886.0 | 63722.2 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 279964.0 | 317484.0 | 348289.0 |
| Capital Outlay | 39529.9 | 42531.7 | 47681.3 |
| Revenue Deficit | 36215.2 | 44906.8 | 49278.7 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 81885.8 | 94059.7 | 108689.9 |
| Primary Deficit | 34196.4 | 38173.7 | 44967.7 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 636054.3 | 726908.0 | 832945.4 |
| GSDP | 2364514 | 2722502 | 3155096 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 6.35 | 6.25 | 6.19 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 35.83 | 37.23 | 37.81 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 0.72 | 1.12 | 0.97 |
| Tax Devolution | 1.64 | 1.65 | 1.58 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 1.60 | 0.99 | 0.74 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 10.31 | 10.01 | 9.48 |
| Interest Payments | 2.02 | 2.05 | 2.02 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 11.84 | 11.66 | 11.04 |
| Capital Outlay | 1.67 | 1.56 | 1.51 |
| Revenue Deficit | 1.53 | 1.65 | 1.56 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 3.46 | 3.45 | 3.44 |
| Primary Deficit | 1.45 | 1.40 | 1.43 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 26.90 | 26.70 | 26.40 |
Source: Tamil Nadu Budget Documents 2024-25.
16: Telangana
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 106948.9 | 111798.1 | 138181.3 |
| SGST | 36248.4 | 39295.0 | 50762.7 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 19554.0 | 23819.5 | 35208.4 |
| Tax Devolution | 19668.2 | 23742.0 | 26216.4 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 13179.2 | 9729.9 | 21636.2 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 159350.3 | 169089.6 | 221242.2 |
| Interest Payments | 21821.2 | 23337.4 | 17729.8 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 153406.7 | 167384.7 | 220944.8 |
| Capital Outlay | 17880.6 | 44252.7 | 33486.5 |
| Revenue Deficit | 36215.2 | 44906.8 | 49278.7 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 32556.5 | 49372.8 | 49255.4 |
| Primary Deficit | 10735.3 | 26035.4 | 31525.6 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 356486.0 | 401844.0 | 450918.0 |
| GSDP | 1308034 | 1463960 | 1646888 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 8.18 | 7.64 | 8.39 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 33.89 | 35.15 | 36.74 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 1.49 | 1.63 | 2.14 |
| Tax Devolution | 1.50 | 1.62 | 1.59 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 1.01 | 0.66 | 1.31 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 12.18 | 11.55 | 13.43 |
| Interest Payments | 1.67 | 1.59 | 1.08 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 11.73 | 11.43 | 13.42 |
| Capital Outlay | 1.37 | 3.02 | 2.03 |
| Revenue Deficit | 2.77 | 3.07 | 2.99 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 2.49 | 3.37 | 2.99 |
| Primary Deficit | 0.82 | 1.78 | 1.91 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 27.25 | 27.45 | 27.38 |
Source: Telangana Budget Documents 2024-25.
17: Uttar Pradesh
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 174087.0 | 212731.0 | 270086.0 |
| SGST | 64140.9 | 87776.4 | 114248.7 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 13489.5 | 11761.1 | 24434.8 |
| Tax Devolution | 169745.5 | 198135.4 | 218816.8 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 59919.6 | 102590.3 | 93464.7 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 417241.5 | 525217.8 | 606802.4 |
| Interest Payments | 43008.0 | 49316.6 | 53712.0 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 379978.1 | 454771.3 | 532655.3 |
| Capital Outlay | 93028.4 | 146177.1 | 154747.5 |
| Revenue Deficit | -37263.4 | -70446.5 | -74147.1 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 64636.3 | 82514.5 | 86530.5 |
| Primary Deficit | 21628.3 | 33197.9 | 32818.5 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 671133.9 | 747545.7 | 816926.0 |
| GSDP | 2257575 | 2361462 | 2499076 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 7.71 | 9.01 | 10.81 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 36.84 | 41.26 | 42.30 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.98 |
| Tax Devolution | 7.52 | 8.39 | 8.76 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 2.65 | 4.34 | 3.74 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 18.48 | 22.24 | 24.28 |
| Interest Payments | 1.91 | 2.09 | 2.15 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 16.83 | 19.26 | 21.31 |
| Capital Outlay | 4.12 | 6.19 | 6.19 |
| Revenue Deficit | -1.65 | -2.98 | -2.97 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 2.86 | 3.49 | 3.46 |
| Primary Deficit | 0.96 | 1.41 | 1.31 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 29.73 | 31.66 | 32.69 |
Source: Uttar Pradesh Budget Documents 2024-25.
18: West Bengal
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 83608.6 | 92742.2 | 102348.9 |
| SGST | 37967.1 | 42858.1 | 47336.6 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 2196.8 | 3148.1 | 6317.5 |
| Tax Devolution | 71434.9 | 83192.9 | 92900.3 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 38303.9 | 29576.0 | 34684.4 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 195544.2 | 208659.1 | 236251.1 |
| Interest Payments | 40017.8 | 42275.3 | 45268.9 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 222838.9 | 236911.9 | 268202.8 |
| Capital Outlay | 22008.8 | 30536.9 | 35865.6 |
| Revenue Deficit | 27294.7 | 28252.8 | 31951.7 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 49966.1 | 59306.0 | 68250.2 |
| Primary Deficit | 9948.3 | 17030.7 | 22981.3 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 574312.7 | 630783.5 | 693231.7 |
| GSDP | 1531758 | 1700939 | 1879453 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 5.46 | 5.45 | 5.45 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 45.41 | 46.21 | 46.25 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.34 |
| Tax Devolution | 4.66 | 4.89 | 4.94 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 2.50 | 1.74 | 1.85 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 12.77 | 12.27 | 12.57 |
| Interest Payments | 2.61 | 2.49 | 2.41 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 14.55 | 13.93 | 14.27 |
| Capital Outlay | 1.44 | 1.80 | 1.91 |
| Revenue Deficit | 1.78 | 1.66 | 1.70 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 3.26 | 3.49 | 3.63 |
| Primary Deficit | 0.65 | 1.00 | 1.22 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 37.49 | 37.08 | 36.88 |
Source: West Bengal Budget Documents 2024-25.
19: All Major States Combined
| ₹ Crore | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 1653009 | 1887841 | 2159638 |
| SGST | 656431 | 797265 | 929817 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 256179 | 308591 | 360603 |
| Tax Devolution | 848828 | 986302 | 1092646 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 472869 | 546597 | 524332 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 3230885 | 3729330 | 4137218 |
| Interest Payments | 423853 | 478081 | 522166 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 3310409 | 3888497 | 4239194 |
| Capital Outlay | 526394 | 757048 | 803152 |
| Revenue Deficit | 121684 | 205778 | 151552 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 665826 | 939649 | 944188 |
| Primary Deficit | 241973 | 461568 | 422022 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 6582699 | 7374037 | 8248728 |
| GSDP | 24675453 | 27539213 | 30329340 |
| % of GSDP | |||
| Heads | 2022-23 | 2023-24 RE | 2024-25 BE |
| Own Tax Revenue | 6.70 | 6.86 | 7.12 |
| Of which, SGST (% of Own Tax Revenue) | 39.71 | 42.23 | 43.05 |
| Own Non-Tax Revenue | 1.04 | 1.12 | 1.19 |
| Tax Devolution | 3.44 | 3.58 | 3.60 |
| Grants-in-Aid | 1.92 | 1.98 | 1.73 |
| Total Revenue Receipts | 13.09 | 13.54 | 13.64 |
| Interest Payments | 1.72 | 1.74 | 1.72 |
| Revenue Expenditure | 13.42 | 14.12 | 13.98 |
| Capital Outlay | 2.13 | 2.75 | 2.65 |
| Revenue Deficit | 0.49 | 0.75 | 0.50 |
| Fiscal Deficit | 2.70 | 3.41 | 3.11 |
| Primary Deficit | 0.98 | 1.68 | 1.39 |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 26.68 | 26.78 | 27.20 |
Source: Authors computations based on Tables 1 – 18.